Sickle Cell Disease A Genetic Disorder
Sickle cell disease is a group of blood disorders that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease inherit two abnormal genes, one from each parent. These abnormal genes cause the body to make an abnormal form of hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S.
What Happens in Sickle Cell Disease?
Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible, allowing them to move easily through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff and sticky, and to form an abnormal shape—like a sickle. These sickle-shaped red blood cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, blocking blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body.
Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease
Symptoms of sickle cell disease can vary widely and may include:
- Pain crises: Severe pain episodes caused by blocked blood flow.
- Fatigue: Tiredness due to anemia.
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during exertion.
- Frequent infections: Weakened immune system.
- Delayed growth and development
Complications of Sickle Cell Disease
- Acute Chest Syndrome: A serious lung condition.
- Stroke: Blockage of blood flow to the brain.
- Organ Damage: Damage to the kidneys, spleen, and other organs.
Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease
While there’s no cure for sickle cell disease, treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent complications:
- Pain Management: Medications to relieve pain during crises.
- Blood Transfusions: To increase the number of healthy red blood cells.
- Hydroxyurea: A medication that can reduce the frequency of pain crises.
- Stem Cell Transplant: A curative treatment option for some patients.
It’s important for individuals with sickle cell disease to receive regular medical care to monitor their condition and prevent complications. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for people with sickle cell disease.